The blogger needs an editor — he leads with ancillary observations, and only after much throat-clearing gets to his argument. Shusha was the key to the recent war between Azerbaijan and Armenia. Now Baku wants to turn the fabled fortress town into a resort. Best Defense Thomas E. Ricks' daily take on national security. By Thomas E. October 23, , PM. Thomas E. Ricks covered the U. Edit source History Talk 0. Cancel Save. Fan Feed. Universal Conquest Wiki. RAdm list. VAdm list. Adm list. Adm of the Fleet.
Lt Col. Gen list. The junior flag rank was that of Commodore. In , the Admiralty gave the title of Commodore to the senior Captain of a small squadron, or a Commander in Chief of a small station, when no flag officer was present and therefore involved extra responsibilities. In , this anomaly was redressed by creating First Class Commodores, ranked and paid as Rear-Admiral if of sufficient importance to have a separate Captain under him, and Second Class Commodores if he commanded the ship himself and not ranked as Rear Admiral.
This group of officers were at first appointed to a ship for particular commissions and were ranked according to seniority of first appointment at that rank. The title of Captain was universal to the most senior officer commanding a ship whatever his actual rank. On promotion from Lieutenant, officers were appointed to a small ship eg. Duties on board ship were to prepare the ship for sailing, make inventories of stores and write reports for the Admiralty on work being done on the ship.
The rank of Commander was formally instituted in , obtainable only by being commissioned to command a vessel, smaller than post-ships but larger than vessels commanded by Lieutenants. After this date, post-Captains were appointed solely from the Commanders list. First Lieutenants in battleships were made Commanders, although this was an unpopular move with Lieutenants who were actually commanding smaller vessels.
It then became the custom to refer to the second-in-command of a ship as the Commander. The description of Lieutenant in Command applied to Lieutenants who were commanding small naval vessels, who might, in bigger ships, otherwise be known as Commander.
However, in recognition of their being senior lieutenants, they were given a distinction setting them apart from the junior lieutenants including a different uniform. Lieutenants of eight years service were usually given this distinction, forming in essence a new rank. In March , the substantive rank of Lieutenant-Commander was established with automatic promotion for Lieutenants of eight years service.
The rank of Lieutenant can be traced back to with the simple reason of being an understudy to the Captain in case of accident or illness, although they were not permanently established.
After the restoration, Samuel Pepys introduced an examination to test the abilities of the rank and by doing so transformed their status from mere understudy to an actual job with particular duties attached.
The senior lieutenant, known as the First Lieutenant and was responsible for the organisation of the ship and administration under the guidance of the Captain. This post eventually turned into the rank of Commander. He was responsible for maintaining discipline and navigation and with the junior lieutenants responsible for ensuring the crew carried out their duties.
He was in charge of watches. Lieutenants received their commissions for particular ships and the position within the officer ranks. An officer was required to have at least six years service at sea before passing the examination for promotion to Lieutenant. It was possible for the officer to pass many years at this rank until the eventual distinction between Lieutenants of eight years service and the eventual establishment of the rank of Lieutenant-Commander.
This was technically a senior petty officer rank. Visit the GOV. UK website for information about how to request a summary of a service record for a Royal Navy officer who joined the service after May from the Ministry of Defence.
These are not available to members of the general public, though next of kin may request access to them. Navy lists contain seniority lists of officers and the ships to which each officer was assigned.
From the official Navy List also shows ships with the officers appointed to them and from the unofficial New Navy List gives potted biographies, often stretching back decades before Bruno Pappalardo, Tracing Your Naval Ancestors The National Archives, — an invaluable reference book that covers almost every possible source of material at The National Archives for commissioned officers and other ranks alike, including records not covered by this guide.
For quick pointers Tuesday to Saturday to Discovery is a catalogue of archival records across the UK and beyond, from which you can search 32 million records. This website uses cookies We place some essential cookies on your device to make this website work. Set cookie preferences. Skip to Main Content. Search our website Search Discovery, our catalogue.
How to look for records of Royal Navy commissioned officers How can I view the records covered in this guide? View Online How many are online? None Some All. Order copies We can either copy our records onto paper or deliver them to you digitally.
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