RA , the Tobacco Regulation Act of definition of "public place"- enclosed or confined areas of all hospitals, medical clinics, schools, public transportation terminals and offices, and buildings such as private and public offices, recreational places, shopping malls, movie houses, hotels restaurants and the like.
The places mentioned therein shall be absolutely smoke free. So, whether it is an open space in a school, smoking is still prohibited. It should not be construed to mean only such places which are enclosed or confined.
You may consider deleting this paragraph. Pollution From Smoking. This provision shall be implemented by the LGU's. No "Smoking Areas" shall be designated in such places. In all other government agencies, the head of agency may designate a smoking area in an outdoor space provided that it meets the defined requirements.
Penalty: First Offense — fine of P 2, Only two studies [ 35 , 36 ] took other tobacco control policies such as increasing prices and advertising into account in their analysis which has been introduced at the same time as the smoke-free legislation. The effects of public smoking bans might be moderated by other policies actually contributing to changes of SHS exposure at home.
Moreover, not only the combination of several tobacco control measures but even the societal debate might have had an impact. For example, Jarvis et al. For the studies included in the present meta-analysis, it would be interesting to know whether the cross-sectional studies performed before smoke-free legislation came into force took place during times of societal disputes about tobacco control and the protection of non-smokers. The present review also has some strengths.
First, the meta-analysis had considerable sensitivity. By converting proportions into relative risks, every effect from each study can be compared on the same level.
The broad range of literature search is also a strength of this review. Including a manual search in journals not covered by the electronic databases and also the grey literature, helped to identify as many eligible studies as possible. A strength of most of the included studies was the large sample size. The present meta-analysis shows that up to now there is no indication of displacement of smoking into homes after the introduction of smoke-free legislations. More detailed results might be achieved if other tobacco control measures and their effects on SHS exposure at home are also taken into account.
Finally, as most of the studies had a short follow-up period, long-term studies on this topic are also required. Department of Health and Human Services. Atlanta, GA: U. Office on Smoking and Health. Worldwide burden of disease from exposure to second-hand smoke: a retrospective analysis of data from countries. Article PubMed Google Scholar. Evaluating the effectiveness of smoke-free policies. Lyon: Tobacco Control; Google Scholar.
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Download references. The authors thank Tiara Ratz for performing the execution of literature search and for her support in screening of titles and abstracts, Gesa Lehne for advice on the literature search and quality assessment, and Anna Reinhold for support in data extraction.
Sarah Nanninga, Stefan K. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. GB developed the strategy for the review, screened titles and abstracts, conducted quality assessment, supported data extraction, and contributed to writing of the manuscript.
SN undertook data extraction, conducted quality assessment, performed the meta-analysis and wrote the first draft of this paper. SL supported conduction of meta-analysis and contributed to writing of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Correspondence to Sarah Nanninga. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Section Navigation. Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Syndicate.
Smokefree Policies Improve Health. Minus Related Pages. On This Page. Scientific Reviews. Selected Studies: Population Health—Asthma. Studies on population health regarding asthma Studies in: Found that: Was associated with: Scotland 13 Implementing a comprehensive national smokefree law prohibiting smoking in all indoor areas of workplaces, restaurants, and bars An average reduction of Studies on population health regarding multiple outcomes Studies in: Found that: Was associated with: Arizona 15 Implementing a comprehensive state smokefree law prohibiting smoking in all indoor areas of workplaces, restaurants, and bars Reductions in monthly hospital admissions for heart attacks, angina, stroke, and asthma in counties with no municipal or county smokefree laws predating the state law compared with counties with such laws.
Department of Health and Human Services. Atlanta: U. Hahn EJ. International Journal of Public Health ; —78 [cited May 12]. Institute of Medicine. Heart ;—30 [cited May 12].
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