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Thank you! ACS Meeting News Biomarkers of exposure to chlorine gas identified in plant tissue Compounds could be used for forensic investigations of alleged release by Celia Henry Arnaud April 9, Giordan elected ACS president-elect Chemistry in a virtual and digitized world.
Biomarkers of chlorine gas exposure in plants included small molecules such as 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and peptides in which tyrosine residues shown were chlorinated. Subscribe ». You might also like Chemical Weapons. Syria is responsible for 3 chemical weapons attacks in , investigation says.
There are two types of litmus paper:. The test for chlorine can use either type of litmus paper, but blue litmus paper is used most commonly.
The litmus paper must be damp - the water dissolves some of the chlorine so that it can react with the indicator on the litmus paper. This test shows that chlorine is a powerful bleach. An alternative test for chlorine is to place damp starch-iodide paper into a test tube of chlorine. A positive result for chlorine is indicated by the paper turning from white to blue-black. Tests for gases Different chemical reactions can be used to test for common gases.
Hydrogen Hydrogen is produced by many different chemical reactions: the reaction of group 1 metals with water the reaction of metals with acid Hydrogen is less dense than air, so it is usually collected by upward delivery. Test for hydrogen Result Place a lighted splint in a test tube of the gas Gas burns with a squeaky 'pop' Oxygen Oxygen is usually made by the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.
It is also as used as part of the sanitation process for industrial waste and sewage. Household chlorine bleach can release chlorine gas if it is mixed with certain other cleaning agents. Chlorine was used during World War I as a choking pulmonary agent.
If chlorine gas is released into the air, people may be exposed through skin contact or eye contact. They also may be exposed by breathing air that contains chlorine. If chlorine liquid is released into water, people may be exposed by touching or drinking water that contains chlorine. If chlorine liquid comes into contact with food, people may be exposed by eating the contaminated food.
Chlorine gas is heavier than air, so it would settle in low-lying areas. How chlorine works The extent of poisoning caused by chlorine depends on the amount of chlorine a person is exposed to, how the person was exposed, and the length of time of the exposure. When chlorine gas comes into contact with moist tissues such as the eyes, throat, and lungs, an acid is produced that can damage these tissues.
Immediate signs and symptoms of chlorine exposure During or immediately after exposure to dangerous concentrations of chlorine, the following signs and symptoms may develop: Blurred vision Burning pain, redness, and blisters on the skin if exposed to gas. Skin injuries similar to frostbite can occur if it is exposed to liquid chlorine Burning sensation in the nose, throat, and eyes Coughing Chest tightness Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath.
Thesemay appear immediately if high concentrations of chlorine gas are inhaled, or they may be delayed if low concentrations of chlorine gas are inhaled. Fluid in the lungs pulmonary edema that may be delayed for a few hours Nausea and vomiting Watery eyes Wheezing Showing these signs or symptoms does not necessarily mean that a person has been exposed to chlorine.
What the long-term health effects are Long-term complications may occur after breathing in high concentrations of chlorine. Complications are more likely to be seen in people who develop severe health problems such as fluid in the lungs pulmonary edema following the initial exposure. How people can protect themselves, and what they should do if they are exposed to chlorine Leave the area where the chlorine was released and get to fresh air. Quickly moving to an area where fresh air is available is highly effective in reducing exposure to chlorine.
If the chlorine release was outdoors, move away from the area where the chlorine was released. Go to the highest ground possible, because chlorine is heavier than air and will sink to low-lying areas. If the chlorine release was indoors, get out of the building. If you think you may have been exposed, remove your clothing, rapidly wash your entire body with soap and water, and get medical care as quickly as possible.
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